Nutritional and Antioxidative Attributes of Green Mussel (Perna viridis L.) from the Southwestern Coast of India

ABSTRACT

The present study reports the biochemical composition of Perna viridis from the southwestern coast of India. A balanced essential to nonessential amino acid ratio (0.7:1.1) along with the optimum and balanced quantities of vitamins, mineral nutrients, and low cholesterol contents characterized P. viridis. The n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of P. viridis was found to be 3.7:5.3 and therefore may serve as an alternative to balance the higher intake of n-6 fatty acids. High oxyradical scavenging capacity (24–32%) and total phenolics (2–5 mg GAE^?1) suggest the nutraceutical potential of P. viridis.     

Study of Photo and Thermoluminescence Properties to Identify Irradiated Dried-Fishery Products

ABSTRACT

Radiation-specific luminescence properties in irradiated dried-fishery products (pollack, little pollack, clams, and shrimp) were investigated at different dose levels (0–10 kGy). Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) analysis of whole samples was effective for dried clams and shrimp, while low PSL sensitivity was observed in dried pollack and little pollack. Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis was conducted after isolation of silicate minerals, in which the two methods of mineral isolation—density separation and acid hydrolysis—were compared. Irradiated samples were easily distinguishable through the strong TL glow curves, with maximum peaks in temperature range of 150–250°C. TL ratios (TL₁/TL₂) were < 0.1 for nonirradiated samples, while > 0.1 for irradiated. There was a clear effect of applied irradiation dose, with a negligible effect of the method used for mineral separation. The mineral composition showed that feldspar and quartz minerals were mainly responsible for the well-characterized luminescence behavior upon irradiation.     

Color Removal from the Dark Muscle of Alaskan Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Fillets and Minces Using Peroxide

The effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (0.85-2.0% by weight) and sodium tripolyphosphate (0-2.0% by weight) at different pH (pH 4.5-10.5) applied as a surface treatment or by injection into the fillet for bleaching the dark muscle of Alaskan pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) was evaluated. At a pH of 8.5-10.5 combinations 0.85-2% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.85-2% hydrogen peroxide were effective in reducing the color of the dark muscle in intact fillets and minces. At higher levels of peroxide, lightening was generally accompanied by higher yellow (+b) values for fillets and minced dark muscle tissue.     

松嫩平原北部寒变性土的研究

2008年在黑龙江省松嫩平原北部的北安市(47.53°N,126.16°E)和依安县(47.45°N,125.13°E)所在的乌裕尔河阶地上的寒均腐土地区,进一步观察了7个土壤剖面,发现其中有3个剖面具有变性特征。其母质有第四系中更新世(Qp2)黄土性冲-湖积物,和白垩系的泥页岩风化物(K2)。诊断特征:全剖面黏粒(<2μm)含量330～480 g.kg-1;心土层棱柱状结构破碎成棱块状;可见楔形结构,或滑擦面;旱季土壤开裂,冻融期和雨季闭合。线膨胀系数可高达0.19 cm.cm-1,土壤代换量在34～37 cmol.kg-1之间。黏土矿物以伊蒙混层、蒙皂石为主,控制层段的蒙皂石总量约占66%～70%。按美国土壤系统分类检索,符合变性土纲的鉴定标准,将其划归寒变性土亚纲(Cryerts),其中土类有简育寒变性土(Haplocryerts),亚类有典型简育寒变性土(Typic Haplocryerts)和艳色简育寒变性土(Chromic Haplocryerts)。研究认为,本地的寒变性土主要是由于原母质和某些寒均腐土的心土层累积了大量膨胀性的伊蒙混层和蒙皂石黏土矿物,在干湿交替的气候和加速土壤侵蚀等综合因素影...     

西藏吉隆盆地沉积物中黏土矿物组合及其古气候意义

沉积物中黏土矿物具有一定的古环境指示意义。对吉隆盆地中上新世沉积物的研究表明,沉积物的矿物成分主要由黏土矿物伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石、蒙脱石以及长石、石英、方解石及少量的石膏等组成。沉积物的黏土矿物组合指示物源区气候演变经历了从暖湿到冷干的气候波动,显示了古气候由湿润逐渐变为干燥的演化规律。沉积物中伊利石结晶度的测量结果显示了古气候由湿润逐渐变为干燥的演化规律。     

吸附法除磷研究进展

磷是造成水体富营养化的重要因子,也是废水处理领域较难解决的问题之一,环境矿物质对磷具有优越的吸附性能,而且储量丰富、成本低廉,在废水处理领域有广阔的应用前景。就环境矿物质对磷吸附研究的现状和发展进行了分析和介绍。     

‘甘啤3号’大麦芽中氨基酸和微量元素的测定(简报)

按国标分析方法,对‘甘啤3号’大麦芽干品中主要氨基酸和微量元素进行了测定.结果表明:麦芽中氨基酸总含量为19.95%,其中人体必需的8种氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39.75%,亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量相对较高,分别为1.75、1.11 mg.(100 g)-1,矿质元素中K、Ca、Fe、Zn、Mg含量分别为18、120、6.1、2.1、360 mg.(100g)-1;VB1为0.469 mg.(100 g)-1,VB2为0.238 mg.(100 g)-1,VE为0.66 mg.(100 g)-1.     

A model for simulating rock–water interactions in a weathering profile subjected to frequent alternations of wetting and drying

Physically based equations for unsaturated groundwater flow and solute transport have been coupled with kinetic rate laws for mineral dissolution–precipitation, and mass balance/mass action equations for aqueous species, in a numerical model that is capable of simulating rock–water interactions in a weathering profile subjected to fluctuating boundary conditions. A numerical experiment was conducted to demonstrate how incipient soil development may proceed in a warm subhumid environment. The simulation involved a hypothetical coarse-textured parent material that was subjected to frequent wetting and drying during an annual water cycle. The hypothetical weathering profile evolved rapidly; dissolution of primary minerals (enstatite, forsterite, and diopside) and precipitation of secondary clay–minerals (kaolinite and Ca-montmorillonite) occurred monotonically despite the abrupt fluctuations in soil-moisture content. In contrast, the activities of aqueous species and dissolution–precipitation rates of calcite were very sensitive to the changing moisture conditions in the upper part of the profile. Although the simulation involved numerous simplifying assumptions, reasonable results were achieved and the calculated (from the model) rate of chemical denudation fell within the range of contemporary denudation rates determined from the dissolved loads of rivers.     

湖北省几种土壤的粘土矿物组成与表面化学性质

研究了湖北省棕红壤、黄棕壤、水稻土和灰潮土的粘土矿物组成、电荷性质及对磷的吸附。结果表明：①供试土壤的粘土矿物组成都以水云母为主,高岭石和１．４ｎｍ矿物含量较少,１．４ｎｍ矿物种类不同且比例变异大;②供试土壤的负电荷量（ＣＥＣ８．２）介于９．２￣１９．１ｃｍｏｌ／ｋｇ间,永久负电荷占ＣＥＣ８．２的５０％￣６４％,阴离子交换量（ＡＥＣ）为０．７５￣２．２１ｃｍｏｌ／ｋｇ,电荷零点（ＰＺＣ）介于２．３     

硅酸盐细菌对矿粉和土壤的解钾作用研究

以含钾矿粉和土壤为材料,用硅酸盐细菌进行解钾试验。结果表明,硅酸盐细菌对不同类型矿粉的解钾能力不同：炭渣＞石骨子＞绿豆岩＞正长石。解钾量与矿粉粒径密切相关,随矿粉粉径的减小而增加：ｙ＝９．６７５ｘ－０．７２１,ｒ＝－０．９９２＊＊。硅酸盐细菌接到土壤后长期培养,可增加土壤中的速效钾,但其增加量不稳定。土壤的营养条件对硅酸盐细菌的解钾效果有一定影响。